Cupramine eradicates ectoparasites (eg Oodinium, Cryptocarium) effective for both freshwater and marine fish. It is superior to copper sulfate, chloride and citrate: It is an acid, is less toxic to fish, remains in solution and does not contaminate the filter element. It is superior to chelates: is fully carcass (is ionic) is active at low concentrations and is removed with activated carbon.